![]() An internet connection (internet service provider fees may apply).Using the tool to create installation media (USB flash drive, DVD, or ISO file) to install Windows 10 on a different PC (click to show more or less information)įollow these steps to create installation media (USB flash drive or DVD) you can use to install a new copy of Windows 10, perform a clean installation, or reinstall Windows 10.īefore you download the tool make sure you have:.It might take some time to install Windows 10, and your PC will restart a few times.Save and close any open apps and files you may be running, and when you’re ready, select Install.Select Change what to keep to set whether you would like to Keep personal files and apps, or Keep personal files only, or choose to keep Nothing during the upgrade. When Windows 10 is ready to install, you’ll see a recap of what you’ve chosen, and what will be kept through the upgrade.Your copy of Windows 10 will automatically activate later using your digital license. If you previously upgraded to Windows 10 on this PC and you’re reinstalling it, you don’t need to enter a product key. If you don't have a license to install Windows 10 and have not yet previously upgraded to it, you can purchase a copy here: ![]() Go to the Volume Licensing Service Center. For more information on Enterprise edition, All Windows 10 editions are available when you select Windows 10,Įxcept for Enterprise edition.
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![]() ![]() Judging from Reddit it doesn't seem like they have much luck with any solutions aside from switching boards. However, after I set the power management to 'Prefer High Performance' in the nVidia controller, the micro stuttering and hitching is completely gone. I think you are right, there are certain motherboard models (both AMD and Intel) that seem to have abnormally common problems with crashing Ada at Optimal power. If power management is set to 'Optimal Power' in the nVidia controller, I get 75-98 FPS in BFV but I get crazy micro stuttering or graphic hitching even when not moving in the game. I'm at about 10W on two screens, and something like 5-7W on one screen, and Optimal power/Max perf makes no difference. In any case, if 30W is not bad enough to interfere with fan stop, is it something you could live with? imo it's not horrible, though definitely high for a single 1440p monitor. High mem clock is normal for Max perf or 3D load and accounts for most of the 30W of Max perf idle. DDU has not exactly been impressive in recent years, maybe drivers have gotten too complicated.Īre you sure about core clock? 2500MHz core clock would not be that low in board power. Going 3070 Ti > 7900XT I had to clean install to solve some issues, and going 7900XT > 4070 Ti I did clean install to save the trouble. With "Prefer Max Perf" at idle my GPU has: Volt 0.9, Utilization 0%, Pwr 32W, Mem Clock11201 Mhz, GPU Clock 2505 Mhz, Fan Speed 0 or 1029 rpm. If that not helps, get us back and we will go with another steps good luck If you are not using all nVidia bundled features, I strongly recommend NVCleanstall for installing drivers (or components) of your liking. installed nVidia GPU drivers and rebooted booted normally into OS and still without Internet connection (so the Windows update will not install its own GPU drivers) cleaned nVidia drivers with Display Driver Uninstaller Maximum performance with 13th gen Intel Core CPUs and NVIDIA RTX 4090 GPU. rebooted and booted Windows 10 OS into safe mode (press and hold left Shift button and restart your PC holding shift) Powered by NVIDIA RTX 30 series graphics and built in the NZXT H5 Flow. downloaded the latest nVidia drivers from the nVidia site and after download, DISCONNECT PC from the Internet (switch off WiFi or pull out LAN cable) downloaded DDU (Display Driver Uninstaller) ![]() I had zero-fans issue with mine RTX 4080 so I did next steps and it helped: And which messages do you get in Event Viewer logs? If it is event ID 41 Kernel-Power, it could be PSU also in equation.īut first and easies step, please try reinstalling the drivers the right way ![]() ![]() ![]() Drop Rate they will drop there heads when they are killed. ![]() Here is a table with all the percentages of getting a head: If uninstallation is required, just delete the datapack from the datapacks folder. This datapack does not have any commands. How to enable Experimental Features?įor single player worlds, you can toggle them within the world settings screen.The Mob Heads are only obtained when a player kills the mob.Īt the moment we don't have any /give commands ready to obtain the head, so we recommend to get a Looting 3 Sword, and you should have a better chance of getting the mob head. There are a lot of add-on features within the experimental features that are not available within the stable version of the game.Äue to the popular demand of these features, I decided to add some of them into my packs to make my packs more effective and more enjoyable. Why are some add-ons and packs Experimental? Newer experiments are more likely to cause unpredictable results in your game which could lead to crashes or world corruption, but this is unlikely.Īlways proceed with caution though! Make backups before enabling experiments on any of your worlds. Some have been around for a long time and are considered relatively stable. You can enable experimental features on Minecraft worlds, realms and servers and use them in single player and multiplayer. There are various experiments that are available to be toggled within your Minecraft world settings.Ä®ach experiment contains different features that might be required for certain add-ons and maps. Newer experiments are likely to change during development which can have adverse affects on add-ons and worlds which use them. Not all experiments will make it into the stable release of the game as they may be determined to be unreliable or unsuitable. I downloaded and extracted the datapacks into the datapack folder on the server, but nothing changed in game. I have looked up instructions, but everyone says that datapacks are only client-side, which makes no sense to me. They exist for the developers to be able to receive feedback from the public in order to test them and get them ready for production. I am trying to set up a server with my friends and would like to put Vanilla tweaks on it. They can include new blocks, items and entities but they are mainly for developing third party content such as add-ons, resource packs and maps for the Minecraft Marketplace. To resolve this you can try to combine the packs, which is quite difficult for beginners, or download a combination pack that contains both conflicting packs, if one is available from the downloads section.Ä®xperimental features are additional game features for Minecraft Bedrock Edition, that are still under development by Mojang. Only one of the add-ons can run in this situation which will make the conflicting add-ons seem broken. This is normally because the conflicting add-ons require at least one of the same file. Some add-ons just won't work with other add-ons! Upload that world to your realm and then download that world from your realm on your console. If you want to use multiple packs, install them all and then add them all to the same world. You can no longer install packs and add-ons directly on to consoles, instead you'll need access to a Minecraft Realm and a version of Minecraft on Windows or Mobile.įollow the procedure above to install the add-on or pack to your Windows or Mobile version of Minecraft and then add the pack to a new world or a world you want to use on your console. This collection of sorts is separated into three categories. The collection of tweaks was designed by a team of developers who decided on and developed these tweaks. The most subtle changes to improve the default game experience. If Minecraft doesn't launch when you try to run that file, you should probably ask Google for help! Vanilla Tweaks is about tweaking parts of the vanilla game that make the game slightly better. mctemplate file and let Minecraft install it automatically.įor older packs without a zip file, just open the file you downloaded and Minecraft should load up and install it for you. To remove a player from a team ( in Minecraft 1. Once you have extracted the zip file, the simplest way to install the add-on or resource pack is to open the. To assign a player to a team ( in Minecraft 1.12 and older ): /scoreboard teams join player If no player is provided then the player running the command will join the team.On console you can download the pack to either a phone or your PC and follow the steps below. On mobile you might want to look at downloading a file manager if you don't have one available. I recommend 7-zip as it's free, fast and lightweight. On Windows, you can use Microsoft's built in zip tool, or you can download a zip tool from the internet. The zip file is a compressed folder normally containing a readme file, a licence agreement and the add-on or pack you've downloaded.įirst you'll need to open or unzip the zip file somewhere onto your PC or device. Most of the downloads on this site will be in the form of a. ![]() ![]() ![]() Mimmi talks to Rita about the visions she's been sharing with Zac and thinks it is an ability she inherited from her mother, Nerissa, but Rita has no answers for her. With the full moon approaching, the mermaids plan to take Evie into the Moon Pool that night and teach her to channel the moon's influence, so she doesn't lose control again. Ondina apologises to Neppy and takes her back to the pod. Zac finds Neppy and, after scaring the boys away, convinces her that he is not an enemy and takes her back to Rita's grotto. Feeling guilty, Ondina asks Zac and Evie for their help to search for her. Neppy runs away and is forced into hiding by a group of boys. As Neppy begins to question Ondina's dedication to Mako, she loses her temper and hurts Neppy's feelings. Later, Ondina tells Neppy the truth about Erik and Evie and admits she kept this from the mermaid council. She then witnesses Evie helping Erik with her powers. While Ondina is away, Neppy wanders off and, after seeing Erik swimming, sets him adrift in a boat with Carly. The girls disapprove of her presence, but she convinces them to give her some food before sending her back to the pod. A young mermaid, named Neppy, follows Ondina back to the mainland, inspired by Ondina's dedication and wanting to help her save Mako. Ondina meets with the mermaid council and convinces them to give her, Mimmi, and Sirena till the next full moon to remove Zac's powers. The next morning, Erik offers to help Zac figure out the chamber's secret, but he is reluctant to accept. Zac nearly attacks Evie, but fortunately snaps out of his own moon spell when the chamber deactivates. ![]() The two find Zac, Erik, Ondina, and Mimmi at the currently active chamber. She escapes to Mako with Sirena in pursuit. Evie ultimately catches a glimpse of the moon and falls under a moon spell, making her hyper and longing to be with Zac. She and Ondina heads to the island, leaving Sirena and Carly to look after Evie on their own. The moon also causes Mimmi to have a vision of Zac on Mako Island. During the full moon, Zac is drawn to the chamber he previously discovered with Erik following him. The three mermaids stay over at Evie's house that night to keep watch over her. Erik decides to come on the trip as well so he can learn more the island. Zac's plan to avoid the moon is dealt a blow when his father takes him and Cam on a camping trip to Mako Island. ![]() It is the night of the full moon and the mermaids are worried about what effects the moon will have on Zac and Evie. ![]() ![]() ![]() Personally, I love aiming at heads with light swings of the sledgehammer. Among other nuances, there are also jabs and kicks and attack cancels, and a lot of variation in weapon speed, range, and damage, from knives and cudgels to kriegsmessers (really big curved swords) and pole axes. If they successfully block, however, they have the initiative on the next swing, and if you're too predictable, they may counter and get a free hit in. If you hit an opponent before they hit you, you'll interrupt their attack, dealing damage but taking none yourself. As you swing, you can aim your blade, and swiping the mouse in the direction of the swing rotates or bends your torso into attack. The slash, stab, and overhead strike attacks aren't rigid animations. The casual atmosphere somewhat belies Chivalry 2's complex and challenging melee combat system. It's possible to win a one-on-three, and it feels like being Henry Cavill's Geralt in the scene where he gets the "butcher" moniker. It was my platform for a while, and I want it back. One map features a central platform surrounded by a pit, and for no reason other than that it's there, players love standing on it and defending it like an American Gladiator. ![]() ![]() I prefer the slightly calmer 40-player servers for team deathmatch, and free-for-all is always a mess, but I was surprised to find that it works. (Image credit: Torn Banner Studios/Tripwire Entertainment)Ĭooperation in team deathmatch is even looser, and obviously doesn't exist in free-for-all. Instead, it's a low-pressure game in which you can casually focus on individual performance (yeah, yeah, it's about the objectives, but we all hit Tab to look at our K/D ratios after every death). Games with smaller teams, such as Rocket League or Rainbow Six Siege, are the best gaming experiences I've had with friends, whereas I don't feel like pulling friends in would improve Chivalry 2, except maybe if we organized dueling parties on empty servers. Like Battlefield games, though, most teamwork in Chivalry 2 is incidental-you're all just trying to do the same objective, or kill the same guys, though now and then you have the opportunity to revive someone or intervene when they're outnumbered. Even when my team and I are just screaming and rushing toward an objective as the clock ticks down, though, I feel a kinship that I don't get from the Battlefield games. Most directly, you can hit a key to send a commendation to the player who just killed you if you think they got you good, and I enjoy giving those out sparingly. I usually keep text chat off (it does attract some annoying players), but each match feels like a conversation anyway, or a bunch of little ones. Like Rocket League, which has also spawned some idiosyncratic player behavior (look up "Rule 1"), Chivalry 2 is about a love for the game as much as winning it. ![]() ![]() ![]() Heat a pot of water on a stovetop, until steam is produced. If you don’t have a hairdryer on hand, there are other ways to loosen up your cannabis oil. If your airflow is still obstructed, repeat the process again. When you see bubbles forming, let the cart sit for a few seconds. On its low setting, hold a hairdryer about six inches away from the cart. Separate the cart from the battery and set the cart upright. The hairdryer cart-heating methodĪ common solution for freeing up your settled cannabis oil involves using a hairdryer to heat the cart. Heating up the cart lowers the viscosity of the cannabis oil, which allows it to flow when you pull. When cannabis oil is cold or settled to one side of the cartridge, it may fail to flow correctly. Common Vape Pen Problems Oil settling in vape cartridgesĬannabis oil has high viscosity and the concentrate may become stiff. More often than not, once you identify the issue with your vape pen, you’ll be able to troubleshoot. Most of the time, your vape pen isn’t actually broken. Others are more technical, like a battery, atomizer or coil issue. Some of these causes are easy fixes, such as oil setting and getting stuck in your cartridge. There are several reasons why your vape pen may not be working properly. Here are ways to figure out what’s wrong with your faulty vape pen, and some easy fixes. When your vape pen isn’t working properly, it can be hard to troubleshoot. Occasionally, vapes have minor problems that result in weak draws, clogs, inactive batteries and beyond. Need more tech advice? Keep scrolling our blog for more.When they’re working, vape pens are discreet and effective delivery systems for cannabis products. Vape battery not working? The above information might be able to serve as a guide during this time. Most people who vape like to do it often, which can mean it is frustrating when a vape refuses to function properly. You can visit this shop or head to a similar outlet to purchase and have someone replace the battery for you. If this is the case, you might need to purchase a new battery for your vape. The reality at this point might be that your battery is actually broken. What if you’ve done all the troubleshooting you can do and your vape battery still is refusing to work? That can be a huge frustration. Getting in the habit of frequent cleanings can help to avoid problems in the future. You’ll want to give your vape a moment to dry before you screw it all back together. Is there any kind of debris to be seen? Clean thoroughly with a cloth and see if this resolves the current issue. ![]() If you’re having battery issues, it’s best to screw open your vape and inspect both sides of the connection point. Your vape goes through a lot of cartridges over the course of weeks of use and sometimes leaks from these cartridges can interrupt the battery connection.Įven the smallest bit of leakage or blockage over the point of battery connection can cause it to stop operating properly. The most common problem that plagues vape users when it comes to their battery is issues with the connection. Reading up on your particular make and model can help you confirm that you’ve done what you need to make the vape work. The step you’ll need to take to activate your vape battery will vary depending on the kind of vape you’ve purchased. Sometimes, the battery issue we think we’re having might just end up being an issue with the fact that we haven’t turned the battery on whatsoever. Make Sure Your Vape Is OnĮveryone is prone to making silly mistakes, so before we go any further, let’s make sure: is your vape actually on? ![]() Read on and we’ll walk you through the major ones that you should know about. There’s a number of easy troubleshooting actions you can take when it seems that your vape battery has bit the dust. For example, what do you do if your vape battery not working? This can be frustrating and limiting to your overall experience. If you’re new to vaping, there may be a variety of difficulties you face that you’ll need to learn how to manage. It may be hard to explain the rapid rise in popularity, but the bottom line seems clear: vaping is here to stay. Vaping has been a central part of the public consciousness for many years now. Adjustable electronic cigarette, Non carcinogenic alternative for smoking, vape ![]() ![]() The most recent bar can often be a far distance above or below the 200 SMA.Īs with the 50 period moving average line, it works best in the identification of the overall trend. The 200 period simple moving average line takes into account 200 days of past data, and it’s smoothing effect can be quite pronounced on the price chart. The 200 period simple moving average line is considered a longer-term trend filter, and is often watched by position traders. This will allow us to select the most suitable trading strategy for the current market condition. By analyzing the 50 period SMA, we can have a better idea of whether the market is displaying trending characteristics or consolidation characteristics. Knowing the underlying market conditions is an integral part to successful trading. When this occurs, it’s best to either stay on the sidelines, or employ mean reversion strategies rather than trend following strategies. Sometimes during range bound market conditions we will see the price action whipsaw above and below the 50 period SMA. And in reverse, when the price moves below the 50 period moving average from above, it is considered to be a shift in sentiment from bullish to bearish. Furthermore, when the price moves above the 50 period moving average from below, it is considered to be a shift in sentiment from bearish to bullish. On the contrary, when price is trading below the 50 period simple moving average line, it is considered a bearish trend. Here’s an example of the 50 period SMA line applied to the spot Silver price chart:Īt the most basic level, when price is trading above the 50 period simple moving average, it is considered a bullish trend. Since the 50 day moving average consists of a total of 50 price bars in its calculation, it tends to be quite smooth as compared to the shorter-term averages such as the popular 20 period moving average line. It is considered an intermediate-term trend filter, and one that many swing traders rely on. The 50 period simple moving average is quite popular in the stock indexes, currencies, and commodities markets. The first is the 50 day simple moving average line. Now that we have a basic understanding of how moving averages are constructed and some of the different variations, let’s now move on to discussing two of the more widely followed moving average lines. They tend to correlate quite highly with each other in most cases. So the obvious question becomes which is a better moving average to use for the purposes of trading the markets? From my research, I have not found that one is statistically more reliable than the other in terms of trend identification. Because of this, EMA’s tend to be more sensitive to recent changes in price action. Essentially, exponential moving averages factor in recent data points more heavily than latter data points. They were designed to reduce the overall lag that are inherent within simple moving average lines. The exponential moving average, also referred to as EMA is a bit more complex than the simple moving average. As a new data point is introduced, it is incorporated into the calculation while the last data point is removed from the calculation. Each period is weighted equally in the calculation and the overall construction of the simple moving average line.įor example, a 20 period simple moving average line would be calculated by averaging the closing prices of the last 20 days. The simple moving average, also known as SMA, is calculated using the average price of an instrument over a specified number of periods. The first variation is the simple moving average and the second variation is the exponential moving average. There are two primary types of moving averages that are used in financial speculation. Obviously, we should be using additional technical analysis techniques in conjunction with the moving average trend filter to time our trades. So when the markets are trending in one direction, as evident from our moving average study, the probabilities favor that continued price action in that direction is more likely. One of the best ways to use moving averages is as a trend filter. Some traders may find this characteristic unappealing but, nevertheless, the proper application of moving average lines can be quite useful. However it’s important to understand that a moving average is a lagging indicator, and thus are most useful in defining what price has done in the past rather than what price is likely to do in the future. ![]() ![]() The primary function of moving averages is to help smooth the price data so that we can better gauge the overall price action of a trading instrument. Click Here To Download Understanding Moving Averages Download the short printable PDF version summarizing the key points of this lesson…. ![]() ![]() ![]() Abnormal origin of vertebral artery may also favour cerebral disorder because of alterations in cerebral hemodynamic. The prevertebral segment of LVA of aortic origin is frequently affected by atherosclerosis. ![]() The segment of the artery from its origin at subclavian artery to its respective transverse foramen is called the pretransverse or prevertebral segment. The vessel takes a vertical posterior course to enter into the foramen transversarium of sixth cervical vertebra. The vertebral arteries arise from the superoposterior aspect of the first part of subclavian artery. In the present study the left sixth segmental artery might have persisted as the first part of vertebral artery, or there is increased absorption of embryonic tissue of LSA between origins from the aortic arch to the origin of vertebral artery resulting in direct origin of the LVA from aortic arch. The second part is derived from longitudinal communications of the postcostal anastomosis. ĭevelopmentally the first part of LVA develops from proximal part of dorsal branch of seventh cervical segmental artery proximal to postcostal anastomosis. The incidence of LVA taking origin from AA between origin of LCCA and LSA was significantly high in our study in comparison to previous studies in different population group ( Table 3). The four branches include BCT, LCCA, LVA, and LSA from right to left. The next common pattern of branching of AA in our study was four-branche pattern. Sometimes such AA anomalies are clinically useful, as catheterization of LCCA originating from BCT or CT can be achieved without catheter exchange. Nonrecognition of a critical AA at surgery may cause fatal consequences. The approximation of LCCA to BCT is an important observation while invading the AA and its branches with instrument as all cases are susceptible to surgical attack. If the aortic sac fails to bifurcate, then the LCCA will connect to aortic sac directly, resulting in bicarotid trunk or common trunk giving origin to BCT and LCCA as observed in 19.2% cases in our study. Left limb of aortic sac forms the part of arch that intervenes between the origin of BCT and LCCA. Aortic sac normally bifurcates into left and right limbs. Developmentally the two-branch pattern of the AA may be explained as follows. ![]() ![]() ![]() Photoshop CC is suited for intermediate users, so we recommend it if you know what you want to create and are happy to customize your software. Since Paint Tool SAI does not support CMYK, you can use them in conjunction. It also supports CMYK, the go-to format used for printed works. Since it was initially software for photo processing, it is quite good at adjusting colors. ![]() However, if you are looking for a highly-customizable program, Photoshop CC will work well for you. It takes time and effort to customize the pen and brush tools, and features like pen pressure are turned off by default. You can draw in Photoshop, but it wasn’t created with illustration or comics in mind. This versatile software can export multi-page data for use online, in print, and for videos. Photoshop CC is prominent in the design and photo processing industry, and many design schools use Photoshop to teach students. Many people also have created brushes and other materials to make the program more friendly to draw pictures with. There is a large community of artists from amateur to professional focusing on mainly design and photography. There are also many booksand websites that introduce Adobe Photoshop, but again, there is little information specializing in illustration and comics. You can ask questions on the community forum as well but topics are mainly related to design and photo processing. You can purchase a subscription from the official website, Adobe accepts payments through credit card, PayPal, and wire transfer.įor some issues, the Adobe support team can be contacted via their official contact form or a chat feature. Note: To use all the features, you must obtain an Adobe ID and register for the trial version.Ĭreative Cloud Photography Plan: $9.99 USD/month Photoshop CC requires some customization, so it is suitable for intermediate artists.ĭownload the full-feature seven-day trial version from the Free Trial Download page. ![]() Abundant in features, it is also useful for drawing illustrations. A professional graphics software that’s popular with professional designers, photographers, and editors. ![]() ![]() By using an ultrasonic method, oil-in-water emulsions were prepared by blending 50 wt % soybean oil and 50 wt % H-ESO-HEC aqueous suspensions. Huang, Xujuan Li, Qiaoguang Liu, He Shang, Shibin Shen, Minggui Song, JieĪn oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by saponified epoxidized soybean oil-grafted hydroxyethyl cellulose (H-ESO-HEC) was investigated. Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Saponified Epoxidized Soybean Oil-Grafted Hydroxyethyl Cellulose. Here we report the ability of certain intact bacterial cells to stabilize oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions without changing the interfacial tension, by inhibition of droplet coalescence as observed in emulsion stabilization by solid particles like silica. Gray, Murray R.įormation of oil-water emulsions during bacterial growth on hydrocarbons is often attributed to biosurfactants. Stabilization of Oil-Water Emulsions by Hydrophobic Bacteriaĭorobantu, Loredana S. The emulsion has a pH in the range of about 5 to about 10 and the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of at least 1000 and contains at least 95% by weight of monoallylamine. This patent describes a process of demulsifying an oil-in-water emulsion which comprises admixing with the emulsion a water-soluble polymer of monoallylamine that causes formation of and separation between an oil phase and an aqueous phase to occur. A qualitative explanation of the action mechanisms of emulsifiers in the process of gas-hydrate formation in water-oil emulsion is given.ĭemulsification of oil-in-water emulsionsĭOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) It is shown that in bulk water, all the surfactants investigated act as promoters (accelerators) of hydrate formation. For comparison, experimental studies of gas-hydrate formation under the same conditions for bulk water have been carried out. The most effective inhibitor of hydrate formation in water-oil emulsion of SV-102 surfactant was revealed. It is shown that all three types of surfactants decelerate the growth of the gas-hydrate in the emulsion and can be considered as anti-agglutinating and kinetic low-dose inhibitors. The kinetics of gas hydrate formation of propane in a water-oil emulsion is experimentally studied when three types of surfactants (SAA (surface acting agent)) - anionic type emulsifiers - are added to the aqueous phase. Influence of surfactants on gas-hydrate formation' kinetics in water-oil emulsion A prediction scheme is given to estimate the water content and viscosity of the resulting water-in-oil state and the time to formation with input of wave height. The density, viscosity, saturate, asphaltene and resin contents are used to compute a class index which yields either an unstable or entrained water-in-oil state or a mesostable or stable emulsion. In this paper, a new numerical modelling scheme is proposed and is based on empirical data and the corresponding physical knowledge of emulsion formation. If the same oil type as already studied is to be modelled, the laboratory data on the state and properties can be used directly. The present authors suggest that both the formation and characteristics of emulsions could be predicted using empirical data. These results do not correspond to either laboratory or field results. A review of past modelling efforts to predict emulsion formation showed that these older schemes were based on first-order rate equations that were developed before extensive work on emulsion physics took place. The different types of water-in-oil classes are readily distinguished simply by appearance, as well as by rheological properties. Water-in-oil emulsions made from crude oils have different classes of stability as a result of the asphaltene and resin contents, as well as differences in the viscosity of the starting oil. ![]() Water content at formation was not an important factor. These states were established according to lifetime, visual appearance, complex modulus, and differences in viscosity. Of these, only stable and mesostable states can be characterized as emulsions. Water-in-oil mixtures were grouped into four states or classes: stable, mesostable, unstable, and entrained water. Formation of water-in-oil emulsions and application to oil spill modelling. ![]() |
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